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Atualidades · Tecnologia e Sociedade · Rastreamento e coleta de dados de crianças em plataformas educacionais online

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Texto associado How grocery shopping data is unlocking financial inclusion Access to affordable credit is fundamental to personal resilience and economic advancement. It helps fund housing, education, small businesses, and insurance to protect against financial shocks. Globally, 1.4 billion adults have no access to formal financial services because they lack a credit history, which is only acquired once someone has been granted credit. This paradox means millions of people are financially excluded. This is not only a problem in emerging and developing markets, but also in developed markets like the US and the UK where millions remain underserved: approximately 45 million Americans are either credit invisible or have unscorable credit files, and around 5 million UK residents lack a mainstream credit history. For financial institutions, this represents not just a moral imperative, but also a major opportunity to unlock a new and largely untapped market through innovative and ethical data use. Grocery shopping data is emerging as one of the most powerful alternative data sources for understanding the financial behavior of “credit invisibles”. These four key characteristics highlight why grocery data is so insightful for credit scoring people with no credit history: universality, recency, granularity and frequency. Everyone buys groceries. Grocery shopping is a universal necessity that cuts across socioeconomic, geographic, and demographic boundaries. This makes grocery data uniquely representative of the broader population, which is a rare attribute among alternative data sources. Unlike many traditional data sources, grocery data is continually refreshed. Most consumers shop for groceries weekly, if not more often. This regularity offers a real-time view into consumer behavior, enabling financial institutions to assess an individual’s current financial situation with striking accuracy. Grocery shopping data captures detailed behavioral signals. For example, consistent purchasing of staple goods at the same time each month can indicate budgeting discipline. Price sensitivity and use of discounts may suggest cautious financial management. A high-percentage of healthy food items and lack of junk food can be an indicator of financial responsibility. The high frequency of grocery shopping offers a dense timeline of behavioral data, allowing models to detect consistent financial habits, patterns, and anomalies. Unlike once-off data points like loan applications, grocery data builds a behavioral track record over time. Research by scholars at Rice University, the University of Notre Dame, and Northwestern University found that variables such as shopping frequency, consistency in spending, choice of products, and use of discount programs correlate strongly with credit risk profiles. Importantly, it demonstrated that these behavioral patterns could significantly improve the predictive power of credit models, particularly for consumers without formal credit histories. Grocery shopping data is recent, frequent, universal, and rich in behavioral insights. Coupled with banking data within a privacy-preserving data collaboration environment, it’s opening the path to financial inclusion and protection for millions. Financial inclusion has remained out of reach for far too many, for far too long. Grocery data, used responsibly and collaboratively, may be the innovation that changes that at scale. Available at: . Retrieved on: October 26, 2025. Adapted. In the excerpt of paragraph 1, “Globally, 1.4 billion adults have no access to formal financial services because they lack a credit history”, the pronoun they refers to

formal financial services

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CESGRANRIO 2024

Texto associado Brazil: Online Learning Tools Harvest Children’s Data “Educational websites directed at Brazilian students, including two created by state education secretariats, monitored children and collected their personal data”, Human Rights Watch said today. “The national government should revise Brazil’s data protection law by adding new safeguards to protect children online”. Analysis conducted by Human Rights Watch in November 2022 and reviewed again in January 2023 found that seven educational websites extracted and sent children’s data to third-party companies, using tracking technologies designed for advertising. These websites not only watched children inside of their online classrooms, but followed them across the internet, outside school hours, and deep into their private lives. “Children and their families in Brazil are being kept in the dark about the data monitoring conducted on children in online classrooms,” said Hye Jung Han, children’s rights and technology researcher and advocate at Human Rights Watch. “Instead of protecting children, state governments have willfully enabled anyone to monitor them and collect their personal information online.” Human Rights Watch found that five websites deployed particularly intrusive tracking techniques to invisibly spy on children in ways that were impossible to avoid or protect against. One of these websites uses session recording, a technique that allows a third party to watch and record a user’s behavior on a webpage. That includes mouse clicks and movements around a webpage; the digital equivalent of logging video monitoring each time a child scratches their nose or grasps their pencil in class. Typically, the third party would then scrutinize the data on behalf of the website to guess a user’s personality, their preferences, and what they are likely to do next, or how they might be influenced. Advertisers might use these insights to target the child with personalized content and ads that follow them across the internet. Profiling, targeting, and advertising to children in this way infringes on their privacy, as it is neither proportionate nor necessary for these websites to function or deliver educational content. It also risks violating children’s other rights if this information is used to guide them toward outcomes that are harmful or not in their best interest. Such practices also play an enormous role in shaping children’s online experiences and determining the information they see, at a time in their lives when their opinions and beliefs are at high risk of manipulative interference. Brazil’s data protection authority should stop these assaults on children’s privacy. It should require these companies and state governments to delete children’s data collected, and prevent them from further using children’s data for any purpose unrelated to providing education. Brazil’s constitution protects the right to privacy. The country has also ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which entitles children to special protections that guard their privacy. Brazil’s data protection law, however, – the Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais, or the General Personal Data Protection Law – does not provide sufficient protections for children. It does not explicitly prohibit actors from exploiting children’s information or require them to provide high levels of safety and security for children. Lawmakers should amend the law to establish comprehensive child data protection rules, including bans on behavioral advertising and the use of intrusive tracking techniques on children. These rules should also require all actors offering online services to children – including online learning – to provide the highest levels of protection for children’s data and their privacy. Available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/04/03/brazil- -online-learning-tools-harvest-childrens-data. Retrieved on: Feb 15, 2024. Adapted. In the section of paragraph 4 “the third party would then scrutinize the data on behalf of the website to guess a user’s personality, their preferences, and what they are likely to do next”, the expression what they are likely to do next refers to the children’s

Rastreamento e coleta de dados de crianças em plataformas educacionais online ·Atualidades Fácil

CESGRANRIO 2024

Texto associado Brazil: Online Learning Tools Harvest Children’s Data “Educational websites directed at Brazilian students, including two created by state education secretariats, monitored children and collected their personal data”, Human Rights Watch said today. “The national government should revise Brazil’s data protection law by adding new safeguards to protect children online”. Analysis conducted by Human Rights Watch in November 2022 and reviewed again in January 2023 found that seven educational websites extracted and sent children’s data to third-party companies, using tracking technologies designed for advertising. These websites not only watched children inside of their online classrooms, but followed them across the internet, outside school hours, and deep into their private lives. “Children and their families in Brazil are being kept in the dark about the data monitoring conducted on children in online classrooms,” said Hye Jung Han, children’s rights and technology researcher and advocate at Human Rights Watch. “Instead of protecting children, state governments have willfully enabled anyone to monitor them and collect their personal information online.” Human Rights Watch found that five websites deployed particularly intrusive tracking techniques to invisibly spy on children in ways that were impossible to avoid or protect against. One of these websites uses session recording, a technique that allows a third party to watch and record a user’s behavior on a webpage. That includes mouse clicks and movements around a webpage; the digital equivalent of logging video monitoring each time a child scratches their nose or grasps their pencil in class. Typically, the third party would then scrutinize the data on behalf of the website to guess a user’s personality, their preferences, and what they are likely to do next, or how they might be influenced. Advertisers might use these insights to target the child with personalized content and ads that follow them across the internet. Profiling, targeting, and advertising to children in this way infringes on their privacy, as it is neither proportionate nor necessary for these websites to function or deliver educational content. It also risks violating children’s other rights if this information is used to guide them toward outcomes that are harmful or not in their best interest. Such practices also play an enormous role in shaping children’s online experiences and determining the information they see, at a time in their lives when their opinions and beliefs are at high risk of manipulative interference. Brazil’s data protection authority should stop these assaults on children’s privacy. It should require these companies and state governments to delete children’s data collected, and prevent them from further using children’s data for any purpose unrelated to providing education. Brazil’s constitution protects the right to privacy. The country has also ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which entitles children to special protections that guard their privacy. Brazil’s data protection law, however, – the Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais, or the General Personal Data Protection Law – does not provide sufficient protections for children. It does not explicitly prohibit actors from exploiting children’s information or require them to provide high levels of safety and security for children. Lawmakers should amend the law to establish comprehensive child data protection rules, including bans on behavioral advertising and the use of intrusive tracking techniques on children. These rules should also require all actors offering online services to children – including online learning – to provide the highest levels of protection for children’s data and their privacy. Available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/04/03/brazil- -online-learning-tools-harvest-childrens-data. Retrieved on: Feb 15, 2024. Adapted. In the segment of paragraph 2 “These websites not only watched children inside of their online classrooms, but followed them across the internet”, the term them refers to

Rastreamento e coleta de dados de crianças em plataformas educacionais online ·Atualidades Difícil

CESGRANRIO 2025

Read text to answer the question below Texto associado Innovative Rural Hospitals Think Beyond Tradition to Improve Access to Care Artificial intelligence can be a vital force multiplier for rural hospitals. AI helps to improve diagnostic speed, enhance care team coordination and ensures that patients with high-acuity conditions receive timely attention. Last year, Mercy — a large health system serving many rural communities across Missouri and surrounding states — expanded its use of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve patient access and outcomes in radiology. By integrating Aidoc, an AI-powered clinical decision-support platform, into its imaging workflow, Mercy now can provide faster diagnosis of life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary embolisms and brain bleeds across its network of more than 50 hospitals, many of them in rural or underserved areas. The AI platform reviews scans in real time and automatically flags critical findings for radiologists and emergency teams. This reduces turnaround times for high-risk cases and helps to ensure that patients in rural facilities receive the same rapid care available in larger urban centers. According to Mercy leaders, the AI implementation has enhanced clinical efficiency and supported more timely interventions — particularly in emergency departments (EDs) where staffing can be stretched thinly. In partnership with Zipline, a logistics drone company, Wise County, Virginia, launched a pilot program with Cardinal News: Remote Area Medical to deliver essential medications to remote communities. Using autonomous drones, the health department now can transport insulin, antibiotics and other critical supplies across rugged terrain in less than 30 minutes — a journey that otherwise might take hours by car. The program, which began during the COVID-19 pandemic, has grown into a model for how unmanned aerial vehicles can support rural health equity. Because the drones are not hindered by poor roads, weather or distance, they help to ensure continuity of care for patients who manage chronic conditions or need urgent medications. Trinity Health in Minot, North Dakota, operates mobile nurse-run telehealth hubs in converted vans that travel to underserved towns across the state. Equipped with diagnostic tools, mobile internet and tablets connecting to remote physicians, these vans serve as a lifeline for patients in areas that lack nearby clinics. Staffed by advanced practice nurses, the vans provide on-site assessments, collect vitals, administer vaccines and facilitate virtual consults with physicians at Trinity’s main facilities. This hybrid care model bridges the gap between virtual and hands-on services. The program has improved appointment adherence and helped to identify serious conditions sooner, reducing ED usage and supporting chronic disease management. Memorial Health System in Marietta, Ohio, accelerated its digital transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic by implementing a comprehensive patient intake platform. This initiative enabled patients to complete appointment scheduling, registration and billing processes remotely, enhancing convenience and safety. The digital system streamlined front-end operations, reducing the need for manual data entry and minimizing lobby congestion. Patients now can check in and complete necessary forms from their homes, decreasing errors and enhancing privacy. This transformation not only improved operational efficiency, but also strengthened infection control measures by reducing in-person interactions. Memorial Health System's experience underscores the importance of digital solutions in enhancing patient engagement and streamlining health care delivery, particularly in rural settings where access to care can be challenging. Whether it’s drones delivering medications or nurses driving virtual care on wheels, rural hospitals are innovating to close the gap between providers and patients. These creative solutions are designed to keep patient needs, geographic barriers and economic realities top of mind. As workforce shortages, financial constraints and care disparities persist in rural America, hospital leaders must think beyond traditional infrastructure. Strategic investment in technology — paired with thoughtful implementation — can transform how care is delivered and experienced, regardless of ZIP code. Available at: https://www.aha.org/aha-center-health-innovation- -market-scan/2025-04-01-innovative-rural-hospitals-think- -beyond-tradition-improve-access-care. Retrieved on: May 31, 2025. Adapted. In text, the excerpt “particularly in rural settings where access to care can be challenging”, the pronoun where refers to

Rastreamento e coleta de dados de crianças em plataformas educacionais online ·Atualidades Difícil

CESGRANRIO 2024

Texto associado Regeneration: Why businesses are moving beyond sustainability and thinking about regrowth Sustainability is out, regeneration is in. According to a 2019 survey by ReGenFriends, nearly 80% of US consumers prefer “regenerative” brands to “sustainable” brands. Gen Y and Z consumers find the notion of “sustainability” too passive. They want to buy from regenerative businesses that embody and practice the three noble qualities found in all living systems: renewal, restoration and growth. Regeneration goes beyond sustainability by creating a deeper and wider socioeconomic impact. Sustainable brands strive to just do less harm to the planet. Regenerative businesses go beyond sustainability and fight to do more good to society and the planet. Specifically, regenerative firms seek to boost the health and vitality of people, places and the planet simultaneously in a synergistic manner. In doing so, there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that regenerative businesses can achieve far better financial performance and impact than their sustainability-focused peers. In the Amazon, we find an example of how regeneration works in practice. The murumuru is a palm tree that grows in the Amazon forest. The Amazon’s indigenous peoples chop this palm tree down and use its wood to produce and sell items such as brooms. As it happens, we can obtain a highly moisturizing butter from the seeds of this palm tree, which is very efficient at repairing and renewing damaged hair. The value of these seeds is seven times greater than that of this palm tree’s wood. As such, people in the Amazon can generate seven times more economic value by preserving the murumuru tree than cutting it. Businesses are taking notice. Natura, a Brazilian cosmetics firm, is collaborating with Amazonian Indigenous people to ethically source murumuru butter for a variety of hair care products, using their traditional farming techniques. This mutually beneficial collaboration means indigenous communities are regenerating themselves and the planet along three complementary dimensions: economic, socio-cultural and environmental. But it’s not just natural ecosystems that can benefit from prioritizing regeneration. Human ecosystems, too, stand to benefit. Regenerative businesses also strive to boost the health and vitality of individuals and communities, especially in aging societies. Take Japan, a country that is aging rapidly. 30% of its population is already over 65. The average life expectancy of its citizens is 84 years. Sadly, longevity doesn’t promise vitality. Meiji Yasuda is Japan’s oldest largest life insurance firm. During Covid-19, the firm realized that its true mission should be to boost people’s vitality rather than protect them from death. In April 2020, the firm launched a 10-year plan to evolve the life insurance firm into a life regeneration company. This strategy calls for prolonging the healthy life expectancy of its clients and vitalizing local communities across Japan where the firm operates. Meiji Yasuda is investing in new partnerships and technologies to promote preventive healthcare in Japan. For instance, it teamed up with the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center in Japan to develop new digital tools that can help its clients anticipate and prevent cardiovascular problems. To get buy-in from internal and external stakeholders, businesses should explain how their triple regeneration strategy – the synergistic revitalization of people, places and the planet – could yield great economic and social value for all stakeholders. Visionary food companies and apparel makers like Danone, General Mills, Eileen Fisher, Illycaffè and Patagonia are investing in regenerative agriculture. They are doing it not only because it drastically reduces water use and emissions, boosts soil fertility and improves animal welfare, but also because it enhances the livelihoods of financiallychallenged farmers. Promising place-based economic development initiatives exist in disadvantaged communities across the US that use a holistic approach to regenerate people, places and the biodiversity altogether. By joining these initiatives, businesses can accelerate their own transition to a regenerative model. For instance, Reimagine Appalachia (RI) is a multi-stakeholder coalition that aims to revitalize abandoned coal mines and restore the natural ecosystems in Appalachia. RI is supporting the Appalachian Regional Reforestation Initiative, while also creating jobs and economic opportunities in the region. Given the climate urgency, it is time that businesses think and act beyond sustainability. They must evolve into regenerative businesses that renew, restore and grow people, places and the planet synergistically. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/06 /businesses -are-moving-beyond-sustainability-welcome-to-the-age-ofregeneration/. Retrieved on: Jun 14, 2024. Adapted. In the section of paragraph 3 “The Amazon’s indigenous peoples chop this palm tree down and use its wood to produce and sell items such as brooms.”, the pronoun “its” refers to

Rastreamento e coleta de dados de crianças em plataformas educacionais online ·Atualidades Difícil

CESGRANRIO 2025

Texto associado A psicologia da inteligência artificial no mercado financeiro A utilização da IA no mercado financeiro é, sem dúvida, uma inovação poderosa, trazendo consigo a promessa de transformar radicalmente a maneira como os mercados operam. Uma das principais vantagens da IA é sua capacidade de analisar grandes quantidades de dados em tempo real. Segundo Agrawal, Gans e Goldfarb (2019) em The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda, a IA oferece uma eficiência inigualável na execução de transações e na gestão de portfólios, o que pode resultar em maior precisão e redução de custos operacionais para as instituições financeiras. Além disso, a capacidade da IA de operar sem a influência de emoções é uma das suas vantagens mais notáveis. Em um mercado em que decisões rápidas e racionais são essenciais, a IA se destaca por sua capacidade de tomar decisões baseadas exclusivamente em algoritmos e dados objetivos, eliminando o impacto de vieses cognitivos que frequentemente prejudicam a tomada de decisões humanas. Investidores e gestores de fundos, por exemplo, muitas vezes caem em armadilhas psicológicas, como o excesso de confiança ou o efeito de ancoragem, que podem levar a decisões que não apresentam a melhor qualidade possível além de perdas financeiras. A IA, por outro lado, é projetada para minimizar esses riscos, oferecendo uma abordagem mais racional e consistente para a tomada de decisões. No entanto, a introdução da IA no mercado financeiro também apresenta desafios significativos. Um dos problemas mais críticos é a chamada “caixa preta” dos algoritmos de IA, na qual as decisões são tomadas com base em processos complexos que são frequentemente opacos para os humanos. Isso levanta questões éticas e de responsabilidade, especialmente quando as decisões automatizadas levam a resultados adversos. A falta de transparência nos modelos de IA pode criar uma situação a partir da qual não se consegue entender completamente como e por que certas decisões foram tomadas, o que é particularmente preocupante em um contexto em que erros ou vieses podem ter consequências significativas. Os algoritmos de IA podem perpetuar e até amplificar desigualdades sistêmicas, e certos grupos podem ser penalizados, ou favorecidos, exacerbando as disparidades econômicas e criando um ambiente de incerteza e desconfiança. Além disso, há um risco real de que a “desumanização” das finanças possa resultar em uma falta de discernimento contextual. As condições de mercado podem mudar rapidamente e exigir uma resposta adaptativa que vai além do que os algoritmos de IA foram programados para considerar. Outro aspecto crucial é o impacto da IA na percepção de controle e confiança dos investidores. Quando as decisões de investimento são automatizadas, eles podem sentir que perderam o controle sobre suas próprias finanças. Essa sensação de alienação pode levar a uma diminuição da confiança nas decisões tomadas em seu nome, mesmo que essas decisões sejam baseadas em análises robustas e imparciais. A falta de confiança pode levá-los a evitar oportunidades de mercado promissoras, subutilizando o potencial de suas carteiras e impactando negativamente o desempenho financeiro a longo prazo. Além disso, a ascensão da IA no mercado financeiro levanta questões sobre a substituição do trabalho humano por máquinas, um tópico de grande relevância psicológica e social. A IA, com sua capacidade de executar tarefas com eficiência e precisão, pode tornar redundantes muitas das funções que antes exigiam habilidades humanas especializadas. À medida que o mercado financeiro continua a evoluir com a integração da IA, é importante que esses fatores sejam considerados para garantir que a tecnologia seja utilizada de maneira ética e eficaz, sem comprometer a integridade do processo decisório e o bem-estar psicológico dos indivíduos envolvidos. SOUZA, Ronaldo. A psicologia da inteligência artificial no mercado financeiro. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/ investidor/pt Em “as decisões são tomadas com base em processos complexos que são frequentemente opacos para os humanos” (parágrafo 3), a palavra que pode substituir opacos, sem alterar o sentido do trecho, é

Rastreamento e coleta de dados de crianças em plataformas educacionais online ·Atualidades Fácil

CESGRANRIO 2024

Texto associado McDonald’s and Wendy’s investors group demands fixes to franchisee child labor issues A group of shareholders in fast food chains McDonald’s and Wendy’s wrote fiery letters to the companies, saying child labor violations at franchises are hurting the brand. In separate letters to the boards at the two restaurant chains, the investors reference The Washington Post reporting on child labor at McDonald’s and Wendy’s franchises as the reason for leadership to take urgent action. In essence, the investors argue that news coverage and increased public scrutiny of possible labor violations threaten the companies’ bottom lines. Both letters were coordinated by the SOC Investment Group, an organization that manages union pensions. The McDonald’s investors say they represent over $2.2 trillion in assets. Their letter highlights that McDonald’s has had more than 2,300 child labor violations at more than 13,000 restaurants since 2013, according to the Post’s reporting. And though these took place at franchised restaurants rather than corporate-owned ones, they say the board is responsible for a “lack of oversight” that “exposes shareholders to reputational and legal risks associated with repeated violations of child labor law.” The letter demands the board institute a zero-tolerance policy with regard to child labor at franchises, that it empower an internal committee to oversee human rights issues, and that an independent human rights review of franchisees be released in December. The letter sent to Wendy’s is very similar. The group of investors claim to represent $429.5 million in assets, and their letter also cites the Washington Post investigation, which found that Wendy’s franchises have had some of the most child labor violations per restaurant in the fast food industry since 2020. Citing Labor Department data, the Post found that Wendy’s franchises averaged nine violations per 100 restaurants, placing it among the top ten fast-food chains. The Wendy’s investors’ demands are nearly identical to those in the McDonald’s letter, including the release of an independent report, but with the addition of annual progress reports thereafter. Both letters cite an Alabama lawsuit, which names Wendy’s and McDonald’s restaurants among hundreds of employers allegedly relying on prison labor, to express concern that the respective boards are failing to “mitigate risks to the Company’s reputation.” Neither company immediately responded to MSNBC’s request for comment. The Washington Post notes that in response to similar letters sent last year: “In a previous statement to The Post, the company said the child-labor violations don’t reflect the experience of most teenagers working in ‘ageappropriate roles and looking for meaningful jobs in their local communities.’” At least the companies’ investors are showing some self-awareness: They understand that press coverage of the problems they mention in their letters is bad for business. Indeed, child labor has come into focus because of harrowing stories like those covered in the Post, but this issue is also in the news because conservative officials nationwide have been rolling back child labor regulations. So it’s smart business, morally just and politically prudent to want to disassociate one’s company from the exploitative practices laid out in these letters. Available at: https://www.msnbc.com/the-reidout/reidou mcdonalds-wendys-investors-child-labor-rcna151722. Retrieved on: May 14, 2024. Adapted. “the child-labor violations don’t reflect the experience of most teenagers working in ‘age-appropriate roles and looking for meaningful jobs in their local communities’”, the pronoun “their” refers to

Rastreamento e coleta de dados de crianças em plataformas educacionais online ·Atualidades Média

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